Female Monarch Butterfly 

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No black dots - which are scent pads - on the lower wings either side of the butterfly's body (abdomen). 

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The black bands on her wings are thicker. 

Male Monarch Butterfly 

 

Two black dots - which are scent pads - on the lower wings either side of the butterfly's body (abdomen). 

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The black bands on his wings are thinner. 

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When he hatches (ecloses) from his chrysalis he will look for water mixed with mud to drink. The minerals that he takes from a 'mudding puddle' help to activate the scent pads on his wings so that he can attract a mate.